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Arrow Kinetic Energy and Momentum Equations:
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Arrow kinetic energy and momentum are two important measurements in archery that determine an arrow's penetration capability and effectiveness. Kinetic energy represents the energy of the arrow in motion, while momentum indicates its ability to maintain forward movement through resistance.
The calculator uses the following equations:
Where:
Explanation: Kinetic energy increases with the square of velocity, making speed particularly important for energy transfer. Momentum increases linearly with both mass and velocity.
Details: Higher kinetic energy generally results in better penetration, while higher momentum helps the arrow maintain its trajectory and push through resistance. Both factors are crucial for hunting effectiveness and target penetration.
Tips: Enter arrow mass in grains and velocity in feet per second. Both values must be positive numbers. For best results, use chronograph-measured velocity and accurate arrow weight measurements.
Q1: What is a good kinetic energy value for hunting?
A: For most big game, 40-65 foot-pounds is recommended. Larger game may require 65+ foot-pounds for ethical kills.
Q2: Which is more important - kinetic energy or momentum?
A: Both are important. Kinetic energy affects initial penetration, while momentum helps maintain penetration through tissue and bone.
Q3: How do I increase arrow kinetic energy?
A: Increase arrow velocity (draw weight, bow efficiency) or arrow mass, though velocity has a squared effect on energy.
Q4: What's the conversion factor 450240 derived from?
A: It converts grains and fps to foot-pounds: (1 grain = 1/7000 lb, 1 ft-lb = 32.174 ft-lb/s², gravitational constant).
Q5: Should I prioritize heavy or light arrows?
A: It depends on your goals. Heavy arrows provide more momentum and better penetration, while light arrows travel faster with flatter trajectories.